雅思閱讀最難題型之一：

標(biāo)題配對(duì)題

朗閣海外考試研究中心  王玉梅

唐僧說(shuō)學(xué)校是不圖賺錢(qián)的，白癡是不能當(dāng)教授的，賣狗肉是不能掛羊頭的；朗閣專家說(shuō)標(biāo)題配對(duì)題的難度不是吹的。若要在雅思各題型中按照難度系數(shù)進(jìn)行排名，標(biāo)題配對(duì)題無(wú)疑摘得頭魁。

實(shí)際上，這一在雅思題型難度系數(shù)中奪得頭魁的題型并沒(méi)有考生們所想象的那么恐怖，應(yīng)對(duì)這種題型，考生們要做的首先就是“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”，也就是說(shuō)考生們首先要了解這種題型的特點(diǎn)。

這種題型的典型特點(diǎn)就是題目通常放在文章前面，而且答案不會(huì)重復(fù)使用，所以考生們?cè)诳荚嚂r(shí)首先要看題目中是否給出例子，若給出例子，則要把例子中所用過(guò)的答案劃掉，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)再被用到；而且這一特點(diǎn)決定這種題目總是一錯(cuò)錯(cuò)一雙。另外這種題型主要考查考生們根據(jù)上下文猜出某些詞句大意，弄清句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，正確理解文章，把握段落大意和主旨的能力。

因此考生們要做的就是運(yùn)用朗閣專家所講過(guò)的“無(wú)詞閱讀法”， 在做題時(shí)先讀懂段落的*、二句，然后略讀其他句子，弄清句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而非常輕松地得出段落大意。而句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系一共有以下幾種：

☆ 其他句子解釋說(shuō)明*、二句，即段落為總分式結(jié)構(gòu)，如劍1，Test 4，passage 1的C段（這種情況下，段落大意根據(jù)*、二句歸納即可）

But it is not only in technology and commerce that glass has widened its horizons. The use of glass as art, a tradition going back at least to Roman times, is also booming. Nearly everywhere, it seems, men and women are blowing glass and creating works of art. ‘ I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975,’ Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the most financially successful artists of the 20th century. He now has a new commission—a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company—for which his fee is half a million dollars.

解題：首先讀段落的*、二句話，考生們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)*句實(shí)際為一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)“not only in technology and commerce”。我么都知道“not only…but also…”的句式重點(diǎn)要講的是“but also”后面的內(nèi)容而非“not only”后的內(nèi)容，因此運(yùn)用“無(wú)詞閱讀法”，考生就可以不用關(guān)注*句話的大意了，直接進(jìn)入第二句話，關(guān)注“but also”的內(nèi)容；第二句話中，也運(yùn)用無(wú)詞閱讀法，只看主句，考生即可以抓出大意為“玻璃作為藝術(shù)的應(yīng)用也在興盛”；第三句中的blowing glass，可能考生們陌生，但其并列內(nèi)容“creating works of art”認(rèn)識(shí)即可，第三句話大意為“男性女性都在創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)品”；第四句和第五句我們略讀一下即可知道，作者在運(yùn)用藝術(shù)家Dale Chihuly的例子解釋說(shuō)明玻璃在藝術(shù)方面應(yīng)用的興盛。因此最終我們可以斷定此段中第三、四、五句內(nèi)容是解釋說(shuō)明*、二句內(nèi)容的。段落大意根據(jù)*、二句歸納，答案為 i  Growth in the market for glass crafts。

☆ 出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞或相應(yīng)表達(dá)，把思路逆轉(zhuǎn)，如劍6，Test 2，passage 1的E段（這種情況下，段落大意根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折后面的內(nèi)容歸納）

It was once assumed that improvements in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team’s research demonstrates that the population and job density of cities rose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working in related fields together. ‘The new world will largely depend on human creativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.’

解題：讀此段時(shí)，考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在第二句出現(xiàn)however一詞，這種情況下，*句的內(nèi)容即可以忽略，考生應(yīng)該直接讀第二句及其后面的內(nèi)容。運(yùn)用無(wú)詞閱讀法，第二句大意為“人口和工作密度實(shí)際上是增長(zhǎng)或保持不變的”；第三句話解釋說(shuō)明出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因是把相關(guān)領(lǐng)域工作的人放在一起是非常有價(jià)值的；第四句話又引用一句話來(lái)進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。因此我們根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折厚的內(nèi)容選出此段大意為  iii The benefits of working together in cities。而陷阱為vi The impact of telecommunications on population distribution。

☆ 附加新的信息，即信息之間為并列關(guān)系，如劍1，Test 4，passage 1中的B段（這種情況下，考生需要找信息之間的共同點(diǎn)，段落大意根據(jù)共同點(diǎn)得出）

On the horizon are optical computers. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today’s electronic computers and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a cleaner image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. A new generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U.S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150,000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.

解題：考生在運(yùn)用“無(wú)詞閱讀法”略讀此段的過(guò)程中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)*、二、三和第四句都是關(guān)于optical computers的；第五句內(nèi)容是關(guān)于fiber optics的；第六句是關(guān)于optical instruments的；第七句是關(guān)于fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays的。顯然段落中在不斷附加新的信息，尋找信息之間的共同點(diǎn)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)信息都是和optic有關(guān)的，因此答案為viii Exiting innovations in fiber optics,而陷阱為ii Computers and their dependence on glass。

☆  *一、二句歸納總結(jié)前文，如劍6，Test 4，passage 1中的C段（這種情況下，考生根據(jù)*一、二句話歸納段落大意即可）

Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment. Salespeople like Schaefer walk the line between the common practice of buying a prospect’s time with a free meal, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work in an industry highly criticized for its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question – business won’t use strategies that don’t work, so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry’s responsibility to decide the boundaries?

解題：運(yùn)用無(wú)詞閱讀法，略讀該段，考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)段落的第三句后半部分和第四句，作者用邏輯詞so，并采用問(wèn)句的形式引出結(jié)論：so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry’s responsibility to decide the boundaries? 我們?cè)跉w納該段的段落大意時(shí)，就應(yīng)該根據(jù)第三句so后面的內(nèi)容來(lái)歸納，所以答案選Who is responsible for the increase in promotion?

考生們需要注意，在雅思考試中，以第三種邏輯關(guān)系最為常見(jiàn)，而第四種出現(xiàn)頻率最小。