雅思閱讀考試中，考查的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)就是搜索信息定位信息的能力，尤其是大多數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)題。因此在考試有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)，如何迅速找到問(wèn)題所在的位置就成了不少考生犯愁的問(wèn)題。本文中武漢朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)的專(zhuān)家將就雅思閱讀中的定位問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討。

 

 

一、定位詞

面對(duì)動(dòng)輒1000多詞的閱讀文章，如果只是看了問(wèn)題就去找的話，不僅耗費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且正確率還不高。因此就得在看問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，劃出定位詞，幫助考生迅速找到問(wèn)題答案所在的地方。什么樣的詞才能成為定位詞？

 

1. 特殊詞匯

特殊詞匯包括了人名，地名，數(shù)字，時(shí)間，斜體，大寫(xiě)詞匯等。這樣的詞匯形式明顯，容易識(shí)別，同時(shí)在問(wèn)題和文章中的形式不變。通過(guò)掃讀文章，定位這些詞，可以迅速找到問(wèn)題的答案所在，尤其是對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題。

例1：題目：Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1,400 years. (True/False/Not Given)

原文：in a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have japan’s tallest and seemingly flimsiest old building-500 or so wooden pagodas-remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1,400 years.

正確答案：True

解析：由于這個(gè)題目中含有only這個(gè)絕對(duì)的考點(diǎn)詞，不少基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)員一看這個(gè)題就寫(xiě)了False, 主要是受到了“含有絕對(duì)化表述的選項(xiàng)通常都是錯(cuò)誤的”這個(gè)思想的影響。雖然會(huì)有一部分題目是這樣的，但不是每道題目都可以這樣做，尤其是現(xiàn)在的閱讀題目加難之后，更得小心這種陷阱。這個(gè)題目中有特殊的數(shù)字定位1,400, 原文中的最后一句話和題目中幾乎一樣。

 

例2：題目：Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects. (True/False/Not Given)

原文：Evidence of early stages of arithmetic and numeration can be readily found. The indigenous peoples of Tasmanians were only able to count one, two, many…

正確答案：False

解析：根據(jù)Tasmanians這個(gè)特殊定位詞去原文中進(jìn)行定位，這里如果用four去定位肯定是找不著的，因此以英文寫(xiě)出來(lái)的數(shù)字一般不做定位詞，阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字一般可以作為定位詞。

 

2. 名詞

在現(xiàn)在的閱讀考試中，含有像上面這類(lèi)特殊類(lèi)型的定位詞的題目越來(lái)越少，因此如何定位就要落在那些題目中不容易替換、識(shí)別性強(qiáng)的名詞上面。

例1：題目：Prior to the suggestopedia class, students are made aware that the language experience will be demanding.

原文：Beforehand, the students have been carefully prepared for the language learning experience. Through meeting with the staff and satisfied students they develop the expectation that learning will be easy and pleasant and they will successfully learn several hundred words of the foreign language during the class.

正確答案：False

解析：題目中沒(méi)有任何的特殊定位詞，但有三個(gè)名詞suggestopeida, students, language experience. 但是由于suggestopedia在原文中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)較多因此定位多處，同時(shí)students出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)也很多，這兩個(gè)詞就不能作為定位詞了，只能是learning experience.

因此，有些名詞可以作為定位詞，有些則不能，一是在標(biāo)題和文中多次出現(xiàn)的名詞，另外還有在多個(gè)問(wèn)題中都出現(xiàn)的以及一些常見(jiàn)名詞如：people。

同時(shí)這個(gè)題目有不少學(xué)生做錯(cuò)是由于對(duì)demanding的意思掌握錯(cuò)誤。Demanding在這里是“吃力的”與文中的pleasant and easy構(gòu)成反義考點(diǎn)。

 

例2：題目：construction of footbridges, steps and handrails (matching)

答案：D. improved paths used for transport up and down hillsides. (C7T2Q36)

原文：most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides, but the paths were a real safety risk and made the journey on foot even more arduous. It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges.

解析：題目中的名詞footbridges, steps, handrails都是這個(gè)題的定位詞，通過(guò)它們?nèi)ノ闹卸ㄎ蝗缓笕ゾx原文，從配對(duì)另一方選出答案。

 

3. 選項(xiàng)定位

上面講的定位詞都來(lái)自于題目中，對(duì)于一些考察細(xì)節(jié)的選擇題，可以通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的特殊詞或名詞定位。

例1：題目：Biomechanics specialists used theoretical models to:

A.    soften the Fosbury flop

B.    create the Fosbury flop

C.    correct the Fosbury flop

D.    explain the Fosbury flop

原文：Fosbury himself did not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of biomechanics specialists who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox to have ever been invented through their own mathematical simulations. Even before Fosbury’s strange jump, scientists had long known that when a high jumper leaps, his center of mass-the point at which the mass of a body appears to be concentrated –rises to a height determined by the energy generated by his muscles.

解析：這個(gè)題在選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞使用各不相同，但是名詞卻是相同的。因此，不論選哪個(gè)答案，總是會(huì)和Fosbury flop相關(guān)。通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的Fosbury flop這個(gè)特殊定位詞去文中定位即可。

 

二、順序定位

以上的定位詞主要是針對(duì)單個(gè)題目搜索答案確定答案所在文中位置的，那么一個(gè)題型內(nèi)部題與題之間還有著順序的原則。在雅思閱讀考試中，大多數(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)題答案出現(xiàn)的順序都是有規(guī)律可循的，即通常每道題目在原文中出現(xiàn)的順序和題號(hào)的順序是一致的。

 

武漢朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)中心專(zhuān)家提醒考生，如果在解題時(shí)一時(shí)無(wú)法找到某題的答案，可以先找它下面一道題目的答案，這個(gè)題的答案位置就在它上一題和下一題的答案之間。但是這個(gè)規(guī)律僅限于每種題型內(nèi)部，并非適用于題型與題型之間。