雅思閱讀四選一題型難點(diǎn)解析(上)
朗閣海外考試研究中心 吳艷
雅思閱讀考試的各種題型中,四選一題型是一類正確率較低的題型,這種題型十分耗時(shí),并且考查的形式也多種多樣。很多學(xué)生反映做完這類題目后的整體感覺是:自己無法說出哪些題目是肯定正確的,甚至每一個(gè)題目都模棱兩可,選的時(shí)候十分猶豫,這樣就導(dǎo)致了正確率偏低的問題。針對(duì)這些問題,朗閣海外考試研究中心閱讀組的專家把雅思閱讀四選一題型劃分成了三類,在本文中將分別介紹這三類題目各自的做題技巧,以及在把握做題的度上需要注意些什么。
一、 判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或意圖
我們經(jīng)常能遇到選擇題中有這樣的問法:What is the writer’s main point about…? 或者The writer suggests…to illustrate… 還有What does the writer say about…? 我們把這些問法歸類為判斷作者觀點(diǎn)或意圖的題目。那么,在解決這類題目時(shí),需要注意些什么呢?
首先,我們要明確,閱讀文章是說明文,由于文體的限制,作者不會(huì)明確地表達(dá)自己主觀的想法,因?yàn)檫@類文章不具有引導(dǎo)性,作者不會(huì)把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給讀者,因此,我們只能在作者的用詞、句式等細(xì)節(jié)上來判斷其意圖。例如:
What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?
A It will increase in line with population growth.
B It is not as important as we have been led to believe.
C It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.
D It is only significant in certain areas of the country.
原文:People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12000th of the area of the entire United States. 在這段文字中,作者用了轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞、表示程度的副詞來表達(dá)“數(shù)據(jù)的微乎其微、可以忽略”這樣的含義。因此,作者偏重于數(shù)據(jù)很小、問題不嚴(yán)重這樣的觀點(diǎn)。因此選擇B項(xiàng)。
其次,還有一類較為簡(jiǎn)單些的表示作者意圖的題目,就是問作者提及一個(gè)例子、數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)的目的是為了說明什么。這種題目我們只要根據(jù)文章的邏輯順序來判斷就可以了。通常,在列舉出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或提出一個(gè)問題后,作者會(huì)按照邏輯順序來舉例或數(shù)據(jù)來支持前面所提出的觀點(diǎn)。如果選擇題中問作者提一個(gè)例子為了表達(dá)什么,我們只需要到緊挨著例子的前面尋找答案就可以輕松找到例子的依據(jù)或目的了。
二、 掌握文中的細(xì)節(jié)
文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分的考查是四選一題目的又一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。這類題目包括的范圍較廣,無法將它們細(xì)分為各種類型,這類題的集中難點(diǎn)就是同義轉(zhuǎn)換。朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生在對(duì)待這類題目時(shí),要盡量找到定位詞或按題目順序鎖定答案的位置,再將鎖定位置的句義與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,就能選出答案。文中涉及的細(xì)節(jié)通常比較容易看出來,無需推斷,只要按客觀的描述來對(duì)號(hào)入座就可以了。
例如:Lozanov claims that teachers should train students to
A memorise details of the curriculum
B develop their own sets of indirect instructions
C think about something other than the curriculum content.
D avoid overloading the capacity of the brain.
原文:Lozanov therefore made indirect instruction (suggestion) central to his teaching system. In suggestopedia, as he called his method, consciousness is shifted away from the curriculum to focus on something peripheral. 題目中的定位詞為teachers,再根據(jù)順序,我們定位到原文,將原文中的句義與選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換,我們可以確定答案為C選項(xiàng)。
三、 選擇原文的題目
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