單詞是閱讀的基礎(chǔ),沒(méi)有一定量的單詞作為基礎(chǔ),就無(wú)法保證有一定的閱讀速度.那么學(xué)習(xí)一些最基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí),就非常重要了.

    雖然不是每一個(gè)單詞都可以通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法解決掉,但是了解一些最常用的前綴,詞根和后綴,并在背單詞的過(guò)程中多思考,多練習(xí),無(wú)疑在閱讀過(guò)程中對(duì)生詞就不抵觸,可以使自己如虎添翼.先來(lái)測(cè)試一下自己的單詞量吧.這里有10個(gè)單詞,都是雅思閱讀中的核心詞匯,看看你認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè):輕松說(shuō)對(duì)6個(gè)的為達(dá)標(biāo),能說(shuō)對(duì)8個(gè)的就視為優(yōu)秀,當(dāng)然10個(gè)全答對(duì)的同學(xué)自然很了不起.但是如果不達(dá)標(biāo)的同學(xué),也不用著急,在看完了我為你們準(zhǔn)備的構(gòu)詞法核心表格之后,就可以輕松認(rèn)知這下面的單詞啦：

collaborate/chronic/dictate/recall/incurable

retrospect/anonymous/bilingual/thermometer/misbehave

必備知識(shí)1:前綴變?cè)~意，后綴變?cè)~性

在背記單詞的時(shí)候,我們要了解到,一個(gè)單詞的前綴決定這個(gè)單詞詞意,比如like(喜歡)和dislike(不喜歡),后綴決定這個(gè)單詞的詞性,比如 understand(v.理解)和understandable(adj.可以理解的)在雅思閱讀中,很多時(shí)候考點(diǎn)詞我們并不認(rèn)識(shí),但是可以通過(guò)前綴來(lái)辨別單詞是否一致,或者抵觸.(我們經(jīng)常稱為單詞的方向?yàn)檎?或是負(fù)向);后綴我們可以判別單詞的詞性,利用最基本的知識(shí):副詞修飾動(dòng)詞和形容詞,形容詞修飾名詞,我們?cè)谧鎏羁疹}的時(shí)候不難利用橫線前面單詞的詞性來(lái)推測(cè)出橫線里面要填的單詞的詞性,從而在原文中縮小范圍.比如...as a result of geographical_______ 我們知道后綴為-al的形容詞后綴,因此橫線中要填的一定為名詞,那么名詞的后綴又有-tion,-ity,-ness...答案從形式上先確定了,找起來(lái)就特別容易.說(shuō)了這么多,讓我們來(lái)看看下面這個(gè)單詞:inescapable,是由前綴表相反的"in-以及形容詞后綴"-able構(gòu)成,中間余下的部分"escap"很容易看出是escape逃離的變體,所以這個(gè)單詞是形容詞,釋義為不可逃避的,不可逃離的.

必備知識(shí)2:一些必要的后綴(suffixes)

n.代表名詞 v.代表動(dòng)詞 adj.代表形容詞 adv.代表副詞

-able,-ible,-ble,   adj.     understandable, believable

-ate, v. activate, accelerate, validate

-er, -or,   n.   teacher,director

-fy, v.  notify,modify, diversify,classify

-ic, -al,   adj.    historic, dramatic, musical，practical

-ism,  n.    idealism, terrorism

-ist,  n.    pacifist, activist, typist

-ity, n.     possibility, humanity, curiosity, reality

-ize, v.    realize, modernize，popularize

-ness,  n.    happiness, shyness

-oid, adj.   humanoid

-ous, ious, ose,      adj.   poisonous, famous, precious,

-tion, ation,n.   condition, translation

必備知識(shí)3:一些必要的前綴(prefixes)

a-,an-without, lacking, not, atypical, apolitical

ab-    away from, abnormal, abuse

bene-good，benefit, benefactor

bi-     two          bicycle, bilingual, bilinguist

circum-           around  circumstance

com-,con-,col-, cor-,co-  together, with   cooperate, collaborate

contra-     anti, against      contradict, by contrast, anti-war

de-    down from, away         descend, dehydrate, deforestation

dia-   through, across   diameter

hyper-   above, beyond, excessive    hypermarket, hypersensitive

hypo-under, beneath, down       hypothesis

in-,im-, il-, ir-  in, into, oninject, insert,inspect

in-,im-, il-, ir- in, not        irregular,illegal

inter- between          international, interview, interrupt

intro-, intra-,   within       introduce

micro-             small        microwave, Microsoft

mis-  wrong     misunderstand, misconception

dis-,  not, opposite,          disconnect, disable, disagree

non-  not            nonessential, nonsense,

un-    not   unavailable, unknown, undeniable

mono-             one, alone monologue, monopoly

multi-many      multiple choice, multimedia, multitude

peri-  around      perimeter

poly- many         polytechnic school

post- after       postgraduate, postpone=delay pre-   before        predict

re-,retro-         back, againreplay, retrospect

semi- half, partlysemiprivate, semi-detached

sub-,suc-, suf-, sug, sup-,sus-  under            subway

super-          above, greater, better superman

syn-, sym-, syl-         with, togethersympathy

trans-           across           transport, transmit

tri- three             triangle, tripod

ultra- beyond, excessive, extreme ultra-sound

uni-one universe

必備知識(shí)4:一些必要的詞根(stems)

-anthro-,-anthropo-       human      anthropology

-aster-,-astro-,-stellar-   star      asterisk

-audi-,-audit-     hear    audience

-auto-    self      autograph

-bio- life        biology

-capit- head, chief    capital, captain

-ced-go, move,yield        precede

-chron-  time               chronic

-cycle-  circle             unicycle

-dic-,-dict- , speak     contradic

-fact-,fect-   make, do        benefactor

-geo- earth              geothermal
-graph-,-gram- write, writing telegraph

-hetero-     different, other                            heterogeneous

-homo-    same               homosexual

-hydr-,-hydro-    water