朗閣海外考試研究中心  

如何做好雅思填空題，是許多“烤鴨們”頭痛的事。多的閱讀填空題，掌握技巧才是關(guān)鍵。

在之前的論文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家詳細(xì)講解了雅思閱讀中填空題的特點(diǎn)以及相對(duì)的做題技巧，本文中將主要講解這種技巧在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中的應(yīng)用。在解釋?xiě)?yīng)用之前先回顧一下此題型的特點(diǎn)和做題技巧：

一、summary（填空）題的題型特點(diǎn)及做題技巧回顧

summary（填空）題的題型特點(diǎn)如下：

1、題目會(huì)清晰地告訴考生在空格里填幾個(gè)詞（此題是“ONE WORD ONLY”；另外兩種可能是NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE WORDS）。

2、空格里所填的詞幾乎100%是原文中的原詞，因?yàn)轭}目里說(shuō)到“from the passage for each answer”；偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)例外情況，會(huì)填文章中某個(gè)詞的衍生詞。

3、空格里90%的情況下填的是名詞。因?yàn)槌鲱}人在出題的時(shí)候會(huì)想法設(shè)法通過(guò)同義替換的方式把原文中的動(dòng)詞和形容詞換掉，從而起到用詞不同、句意一致、同時(shí)增加難度的效果。而在這種情況下，名詞一般不會(huì)被換掉，而會(huì)變成題目讓考生在文章當(dāng)中尋找。

4、填空題的出題順序和原文的順序一致。這是雅思考試非常人性化的一種設(shè)置，這也為考生做這種題型減少了一定定位上的難度。

summary（填空）題的做題方法：

1、確定第一個(gè)題目的定位詞。因?yàn)榇_定完第一道題在文章中的位置后，其他題目一定會(huì)在第一道題之后出現(xiàn)。

2、根據(jù)空格前后的名詞定位空格上填的詞，要特別注意空格前后出現(xiàn)的修飾關(guān)系。

3、注意空格前出現(xiàn)的冠詞“a/an/the”，因?yàn)楣谠~后一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)名詞，所以一般情況下，如果題目空格前出現(xiàn)了“a/an/the”，文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的答案前也會(huì)出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的冠詞，特別“定冠詞the”。

4、如果題目空格前或者后出現(xiàn)了介詞“of”，那么文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的答案前或后也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“of”，因?yàn)?/span>“of”在名詞前后出現(xiàn)表示一種修飾關(guān)系，文章中一般不會(huì)換掉。

5、注意題目所在句子里的“邏輯關(guān)系”，一般常見(jiàn)為“并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系”，因?yàn)轭}目出現(xiàn)這種“邏輯關(guān)系”，文章中相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子一般也會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種“邏輯關(guān)系”，可以根據(jù)這些對(duì)應(yīng)的“邏輯關(guān)系”詞來(lái)定位。

6、注意題目句子和文章句子中的“同義替換”詞，一般是同義詞替換和衍生詞替換。

二、summary（填空）題做題技巧的實(shí)戰(zhàn)應(yīng)用

例文是：劍5真題集TEST2第三篇文章

Complete the summary.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

In Europe, modern science emerged at the same time as the nation state. At first, the scientific language of choice remained  28 . It allowed scientists to communicate with other socially privileged thinkers while protecting their work from unwanted exploitation. Sometimes the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians and  29 . In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the  3  nor the  31  to express their ideas. This situation only changed after 1660 when scientists associated with the  32  set about developing English. An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short descriptions of specific experiments. Although English was then overtaken by  33 , it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the  34 .

做題技巧的應(yīng)用：

先找到28題所在句子中有可能在文章里出現(xiàn)或被替換的單詞，此時(shí)，比較重要的詞是“at first”（如果文章題目中出現(xiàn)與“最初”相關(guān)的詞，文章中一般都會(huì)被換掉）和“scientific language of choice”。因?yàn)檫@是整篇文章的第一題，所以從文章開(kāi)始找，在文章的第五段開(kāi)頭找到了這樣的一個(gè)句子：“There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin.”文章和題目出現(xiàn)了明顯的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，“at first”對(duì)應(yīng)“original”，題目中的“scientific language of choice”對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的“science continued to be written in Latin”，所以28題填“Latin”。

根據(jù)順序原則，29題在28題之后，又根據(jù)定位詞“mathematicians”和并列關(guān)系詞“and”（做題技巧5），可以確定29題應(yīng)該填一種與“mathematicians”相對(duì)應(yīng)的另一種人，在文章第6段找到了“And in the mid-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them.... Some scientists might have felt more comfortable with Latin precisely because its audience, though international, was socially restricted. Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an 'insider language'.”在這三句話中，與“mathematicians”相對(duì)應(yīng)的有兩種人——“scientists”和“doctors”，根據(jù)29題之前“the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them”與文章里“Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an 'insider language'.”中的“insider language”對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，所以29題應(yīng)該填“doctors”。

30題和31題是一對(duì)否定并列關(guān)系（做題技巧5），而且兩個(gè)空格的前面都出現(xiàn)了定冠詞“the”（做題技巧3），所以文章中所填的詞前面也極有可能出現(xiàn)定冠詞“the”，根據(jù)題目中的定位詞“In Britain, scientists worried that English had neither...”，可以定位到文章中的“English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way”，“lacked”對(duì)應(yīng)“had neither...nor...”，所以30和31題應(yīng)該分別填“technical vocabulary”和“grammatical resources”。

32題所在句子中的“associated with the  32 ”是用來(lái)修飾“scientists”的（做題技巧2），根據(jù)順序原則32題在31題之后，又根據(jù)年代“after 1660”，所以對(duì)應(yīng)文章中第七段里的“Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society's members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English and to encourage the development of a suitable writing style.”，根據(jù)意思的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是與“society”（在文章指的是Royal Society）有關(guān)的“members”開(kāi)始去發(fā)展英語(yǔ)，正好對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的“與 32 有聯(lián)系的科學(xué)家開(kāi)始發(fā)展英語(yǔ)”，所以32題填“Royal Society”。

最后的33題和34題在一句話中，此句中出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系詞“although”（做題技巧5），又因?yàn)閿?shù)字“19th century”的輔助定位，最終定位在文章最后一段話“It is estimated that by the end of the 18th century 401 German scientific journals had been established as opposed to 96 in France and 50 in England. However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary,...”，因?yàn)?/span>although后面的部分相當(dāng)于“however”前面的部分，although后逗號(hào)后面的部分相當(dāng)于“however”后面的部分，根據(jù)意思的理解，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是被“German”所超過(guò)，而“英語(yǔ)再一次發(fā)展”是作為“industrial revolution”的結(jié)果。所以33題和34題的答案分別是“German”和“industrial revolution”。

希望通過(guò)這篇文章的講解，各位考生能對(duì)summary填空的做題方法及步驟有深入的了解，其他題型的特點(diǎn)和做題方法隨后朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將會(huì)一一介紹。