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在雅思口語中,Part 3可以說是是口語考試中最難也是最令人頭疼的一部分。原因便在于這部分的問題遠比Part 1的生活類問答要復(fù)雜許多,同時對考生的瞬間思維能力及邏輯思維能力要求較高。針對目前許多國外院校對雅思口語單項分數(shù)的要求較高的現(xiàn)狀,導(dǎo)致了許多烤鴨們都力爭在口語單項上要達到7分甚至更高。因此,口語考試Part 3成為了很多雅思考生們不得不跨的坎。在這篇文章中,朗閣名師將為大家闡述如何搞定口語Part 3的一些技巧以及如何避免Part 3跑題。
一、Part 3難點歸納
Part 3, 這個讓烤鴨們談之色變的部分,到底難在哪呢?不同的考生對之有不同的感覺和想法。在這里,可以大致歸納為以下幾點:1. 很多學生會出現(xiàn)聽不懂題目的情況,出現(xiàn)答非所問的狀況。有些考生會讓考官重復(fù)問題,對考官說“pardon”,但是過多的要求重復(fù)問題往往遭到考官的反感和厭煩,所以很多考點出現(xiàn)了考官在要求2次以上pardon的情況下直接跳下一題的情況。這樣一方面會影響考官的判分,同時也會影響考生的考試心理狀態(tài),繼而影響后續(xù)的發(fā)揮。2. 基于Part 3本身問題的特色——“刁鉆”,“變態(tài)”,很多考生反應(yīng)不知道說什么,甚至不理解問題本身的意思,造成了過久的停頓或者沉默。加上Part 3沒有思考的時間,而面對來勢洶洶的復(fù)雜問題,考生一下子難以把答案組織地條理清晰,所以即使努力避免不讓自己沉默,也只能無奈之下東拉西扯,想到哪里說到哪里。3. 很多考生無法在有限的時間內(nèi),做到答案內(nèi)容與“高難詞”“閃光詞”的兼顧。所以即使答案顧及了流利度,而又無法兼顧詞匯量的要求。
二、Part 3方法論——題型分析法
針對上述問題,朗閣名師為大家推薦一個有效的方法——題型分析法,去有效的幫助考生們在短時間內(nèi)改善Part 3的答題表現(xiàn)??谡ZPart 3基本可以分為9大題型,即contrast(對比題),analyses(分析題),options(選擇題), flaws(缺點題), solutions(解決方案題), prospect(未來前景題), opinions(個人觀點題), meaning(意義題), conditions(當前狀況題)。在這9大題型中,每種題型都有對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵字,即考生在聽到某些關(guān)鍵字的時候,就可以瞬間把這道題歸類進9大類中的某一類題型,而每一種題型都有自己對應(yīng)的答題思路及答題方法。該方法的運用原理在于讓考生迅速辨別Part 3對應(yīng)的題型,然后對號入座,在有限的時間內(nèi)作出有效的思考,使答案不會偏離大方向,也避免了考生東拉西扯跑題的尷尬場面。同時,每種題型預(yù)先準備好的答題句型,有助于考生在詞匯表達上贏得考官的認可。以下將選取5種題型為考生們進行詳細的講解。
1. Contrast(對比題)
這種題型考察的是考生能否對兩類不同的人物或者事物作出多角度、全方位的分析。這類考題的經(jīng)典問法為“what do you think about the differences between A and B ?”所以,大多數(shù)情況下,只要抓住“difference”這個關(guān)鍵字,也就幾乎可以把這類問題歸納在對比類的題型之內(nèi)了。對比類題型的答法我們稱之為對比經(jīng)典四部曲:
1). introduction(答案的開頭句)
2). A的特點
3). B的特點
4). example(舉一個具體的例子去解釋A和B之間的差異)
或者我們也可以使用另外一種思路:
1). introduction(答案的開頭句)
2). A的特點+example
3). B的特點+example
4). reason(具體解釋一下產(chǎn)生A和B之間差異的原因)
以1月份考題“攢錢購物”的Part 3考題“what do you think are the differences between shopping in rural areas and shopping in urban areas?”為例,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵字的判斷,我們很快就可以把該題歸納為對比類的題目,所以所需要思考的就是“城里購物”的特點和“鄉(xiāng)下購物”的特點。根據(jù)答題的套路,很快就可以組織答案:
Shopping in rural areas and shopping in urban areas are quite different. When shopping in the urban areas we can go to the shopping center or department stores, which means plenty of choices and good quality but higher prices. However, if you shopping in the countryside, you may have fewer choices but you also cost less. This may because of the different rent and different environment of these two places.
2. Analyses(分析題)
該題型重點考察考生描述事物的好處和壞處的能力。需要注意的是,分析一件事物的好壞就像老師評價學生一樣,通常從好處開始說起,先尋找閃光點,再調(diào)侃一下不足之處就可以了。另外,該題型的難點在于要求考生對好處“advantage”和壞處“disadvantage”作出同義替換。例如,好處的同義詞為:merit, good point, strong point, strength, positive side, bright side, edge, highlight
而壞處的同義替換詞為:demerit, drawback, shortcoming, bad point, weak point, weakness, negative side, dark side
分析題的答題思路為:
1). Introduction
2). The first advantage, the second advantage
3). The first disadvantage, the second disadvantage
4). Conclusion
我們以5月份考題“Describe a city you have visited”的Part 3考題“What are the advantages of living in the city for families with children? And are there disadvantages?”為例,這道題很明顯的出現(xiàn)了“好”和“壞”,所以我們可以從城市生活的好處開始分析,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到“壞處”:
Well, when considering about the issue of living in the cities, I would like to start from the bright side. The first high light spring to my mind is the convenience that the city can bring. For example, city is a perfect place for shopping, where a lot of shopping center and clothes chain stores are there. What’s more, people live in the city can also enjoy a better education. However, the merits apparently don’t overshadow its drawbacks. Speaking off the top of my head, living in the cities may also be troubled by the bad traffic, especially in the rush hours. Another shortcoming also reminds is the noise in cities, which may cause decrease the quality of life. I think these are the two side of the same sword.
3. Options(選擇題)
該題型主要考察的是考生能否就給出的選項做出選擇并闡釋理由。該題型的經(jīng)典問法為“A or B, which one do you prefer?”所以,當問題中出現(xiàn)“prefer”, “choose”, “like”之類的關(guān)鍵字,我們可以把這類問題歸納為選擇題。在回答選擇題的時候,考生可以選擇單選,即只選A或者只選B; 也可以選擇雙選,即認為A和B缺一不可。這類題的答題思路如下:
1). make a selection(選A或者選B)
2). The advantage of A, and the disadvantage of B
3). Another advantage of A, and another disadvantage of B
4). Conclusion
來看一道例題,1月份考題“Please describe an intelligent person you know”的Part 3的一道考題為:Do you think the highly intelligent children should go to normal school or special school? 根據(jù)上述答題思路,我們可選擇雙選的思路:
From my perspective of view, the highly intelligent children should go to normal school, and also get special training from the special school. Studying in normal school can give the child a full range of education. Besides, the highly intelligent children would be confident in normal school. While the special school also has its own edges that it can arouse the potential of the highly intelligent children. Therefore, both of them are indispensable.
4. Solutions(解決方案題)
該題型考察考生能否在特定的情景下給出相應(yīng)的解決方案的能力。一般經(jīng)典的問題句型為“Faced to the current situation, can you remember some effective ways to deal with the problem?”解決問題,需要注意的同義替換為“solve”, “cope with”, “handle”之類的,所以當考生聽到上述這些敏感詞匯的時候,該把這種問題歸納為解決方案題。這種題型的答題思路為:
1). Introduction
2). From the government’s perspective, ……
3). From the individual’s perspective, ……
4). Conclusion
我們以5月份新題“Describe a beautiful place where you want to have a home”(安家之地)的Part 3題為例,“Can you suggest any ways to restrict the growth of cities?”,根據(jù)上述思路,我們可以這樣從和個人兩個方面去思考:
Well, based on the current situation, I think there might be some effective method to deal with it. From the government’s perspective, some regulations and rules should be carried out; such as coming up with some politics to attract some rural areas people stay at their original places and educate the public not rush to the cities blindly. As far as the individuals are concerned, we should follow the government’s decision and cooperate with the government. So these are the possible methods to cope with the issue.
5. Meaning(意義題)
Meaning這個詞被很多考生乍一看以為是考察含義的意思,其實不然,該題型考察的是事物的重要性,即描述一件事物的意義。面對需要講出某件事物的重要性的考題,考生如果從正面出擊,往往會覺得無從下手。所以,這里推薦一個比較有效的方法去闡述一件事物的重要性,即反例法,即從反面論證一件事物的重要性。
我們以“Describe a place you went and learned about another culture”異地文化這題的Part 3問題為例,“How do you think the importance of culture?”,通過舉反例“假如對文化一無所知會怎么樣?”,來論證文化的重要性。
The possible answer:
Well, culture really plays a significant role in our everyday life. Take me as an example, I am a student who planned to further study abroad. If I know nothing about the foreign culture, I think it will be difficult for me to survive in the foreign environment and I will come across some culture shocks. Therefore, when considering these circumstances, it is necessary to learn about another culture.
本文著重針對如何避免雅思口語Part 3無話可說入手,從Part 3的9種題型中挑選出5種高頻題型,逐一分析了答題思路以及應(yīng)該如何去思考,并結(jié)合了每種題型的最新例題進行分析。如何攻克Part 3, 關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠迅速對考題進行歸類,然后迅速反應(yīng)出對應(yīng)的答題思路并進行快速有效地思考。相信這樣,考生對于Part 3的回答一定會顯的有條不紊,很有邏輯感。相信“題型分析法”一定可以有效地幫助考生們克服在Part 3偏題或者不知所措的困境。除此之外,考生還可以嘗試在回答Part 3問題之前,先paraphrase一下考官的問題,反問考官是否問的是這個意思,在確定好題意之后再作答。因為Part 3是一種discussion, 所以反問考官反而體現(xiàn)了考生的交流能力,同時也可以避免考生答題時跑題。