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朗閣海外考試研究中心 吳艷
由于中西方文化的差異,中式思維與西式思維比較難找到共同點(diǎn),所以在雅思口語(yǔ)考試中,細(xì)節(jié)的描述是十分重要的。有時(shí)我們?cè)谂c考官交流時(shí),即使使用的語(yǔ)言是正確的,詞匯語(yǔ)法都符合要求,但表達(dá)出來(lái)的意思還是會(huì)讓考官一頭霧水,如何解決這類(lèi)問(wèn)題呢?朗閣海外考試研究中心的吳艷專(zhuān)家告訴大家:解決這類(lèi)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)博得考官的喜歡,讓考官與你的談話(huà)成為一種享受,讓其在視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)等各方面感到愉快。
中式思維注重宏觀和抽象,而西式思維注重細(xì)節(jié)和形象。細(xì)節(jié)描述既可以避免我們中式思維中的空泛的內(nèi)容令考官難以理解,又可以讓我們的這次談話(huà)成為一種有意思的講故事。那么,細(xì)節(jié)都包含哪些內(nèi)容呢?無(wú)論是第幾個(gè)部分,細(xì)節(jié)都發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。下面我們就來(lái)看看你在平時(shí)準(zhǔn)備雅思口語(yǔ)時(shí)是不是忽略了這些部分。
一、色彩斑斕的談話(huà)
與一個(gè)人交談,并不是一件任務(wù),或是一種負(fù)擔(dān),而是一種享受。讓聽(tīng)話(huà)人得到享受,首先是從色彩開(kāi)始的。如果我們?cè)诨卮?ldquo;美麗的景色”、“美麗的房間”這樣的內(nèi)容時(shí),只是用beautiful這個(gè)詞來(lái)形容,那么考官就很想知道how beautiful?因?yàn)閎eautiful這個(gè)詞所涵蓋的內(nèi)容太廣泛了,讓人聽(tīng)了沒(méi)什么感覺(jué)。如果加上顏色,就生動(dòng)了許多。比如我們這樣回答:
The landscape is so beautiful. There are big trees with dark green leaves. The lake is clear blue like a diamond. The flowers are blossoming with pink, yellow, white and purple petals on the leaves. Some butterflies are dancing among them and they are busy collecting pollen.
I’d like my walls painted blue. I like that color. When I see the color, I will feel relaxed. My curtain is pink with yellow patterns.
我們聽(tīng)了上面的顏色,就能夠想象到景色和房間都是很美的,美就美在了這豐富的顏色上面。常用的顏色體現(xiàn)在:海的顏色,樹(shù)木、花朵的顏色,衣服的顏色,裝飾品的顏色等,建議大家在平時(shí)準(zhǔn)備話(huà)題時(shí),一定加入顏色,使自己的答案更吸引人。
二、名稱(chēng)加舉例
各種名稱(chēng)或例子也是幫助我們提升雅思口語(yǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)的重要元素。因?yàn)槿绻覀儍H僅泛泛而談,無(wú)法令人抓住重點(diǎn),聽(tīng)話(huà)人總會(huì)覺(jué)得我們各個(gè)方面都只點(diǎn)了一句,但沒(méi)有實(shí)實(shí)在在的內(nèi)容給人留下印象。因此,盡可能多地提到名稱(chēng)或例子是增加細(xì)節(jié)、增加答案趣味性的好辦法。我們來(lái)看下面的例子:
What kind of books do you like to read?
泛泛的答案:I like a lot of books. I like novels. They are interesting. I usually read novels in my leisure time. I can learn a lot of knowledge from books.
增加細(xì)節(jié)的答案:I like a lot of books. I like novels, especially romantic stories. I have read a famous book, ”Gone with the Wind”. It is really appealing. I like Scarlett, the character in the novel. She is beautiful and full of energy. I have read “Romeo and Juliet”, too. It’s moving. I can learn western culture and life from books. I can also learn about their living background, even their thoughts and beliefs.
劃線(xiàn)的部分就是我們需要列舉出來(lái)的細(xì)節(jié),也就是一些例子,這些內(nèi)容細(xì)化了我們的答案,讓我們的思路更容易被考官明白。大家應(yīng)該都有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷,我們?cè)趯W(xué)法學(xué)或語(yǔ)言學(xué)時(shí),生僻的理論總是很難理解,但是生動(dòng)而具體的例子就會(huì)讓我們明確含義,在這里,用細(xì)節(jié)增加內(nèi)容的趣味性和通俗性是一樣的道理。
再來(lái)看一個(gè)例子,
What kind of TV program do you like to watch?
泛泛的答案:I like watch educational TV programs. I can learn a lot of knowledge. I like “Animal World”. It reports a lot of animals’ living habits. It’s very interesting.
增加細(xì)節(jié)的答案:I like watch educational TV programs. I can learn a lot of knowledge. I like “Animal World”. It reports a lot of animals’ living habits. It’s very interesting. Some of the animals are cute, such as panda and koala. Some are ugly, like crocodile, toad. Their preying, mating and breeding behaviors have been recorded by the camera. It’s amazing.
有了大量的名稱(chēng),我們就可以把自己想表達(dá)的用這些名稱(chēng)清楚地表達(dá)出來(lái)了。
三、給力的數(shù)據(jù)
像雅思寫(xiě)作一樣,在口語(yǔ)中使用數(shù)據(jù)作為證據(jù),也是很可取的。數(shù)據(jù)是最有說(shuō)服力的,它直觀而有力量,把談話(huà)帶入一個(gè)高度上去,并且能為考生的口語(yǔ)增加邏輯性和準(zhǔn)確性。這尤其適用于第三部分,比如說(shuō):
What are the benefits of tourism?
Well, it has a lot of benefits. Firstly, it can increase the local income so that it boosts the local economy. Some of the cities were poor before the development of tourism. Take Yunnan for example, the GDP of the province has increased by 3% because of the tourism in 2010. Secondly, it helps to create more work opportunities. The employment rate has increased by 12% according to the local newspaper.
綜上所述,我們可以明確的是,細(xì)節(jié)能幫助我們提高分?jǐn)?shù),使我們?cè)诒娍忌忻摲f而出,拿到理想的分?jǐn)?shù)。細(xì)節(jié)是口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中值得推崇的,我們需要時(shí)刻把以上三項(xiàng)記在心里,在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)不斷提醒自己增加細(xì)節(jié),使自己的答案更加吸引人。
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