雅思聽(tīng)力考試中的四個(gè)部分一般按難度遞增，往往不少考生在經(jīng)歷了前3部分的練習(xí)之后面對(duì)難度相對(duì)較大的Section 4充滿(mǎn)了畏懼，在做題時(shí)容易因?yàn)樽孕挪蛔愫凸?jié)奏缺失而放棄。相比之下，對(duì)于雅思聽(tīng)力單科目標(biāo)在7分以上的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，除了要確保將難度較低的Section 1和Section 2的分?jǐn)?shù)收入囊中，還要盡力在Section 3和Section 4部分多爭(zhēng)分，不免壓力山大。如何提高Section 4正確率成了他們最為關(guān)心的話(huà)題之一。部分學(xué)生重在參與的無(wú)奈心態(tài)讓人不免唏噓，但是其實(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)歷年真題的分析我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，Section 4的考點(diǎn)詞匯也只是非常有限的基礎(chǔ)單詞，類(lèi)似于environment、materials這個(gè)難度等級(jí)的詞匯是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的，所以朗閣海外考試研究中心的專(zhuān)家希望考生們明白很重要的一點(diǎn)，難詞對(duì)于Section 4來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要，依賴(lài)對(duì)于關(guān)鍵詞的尋找和聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中信號(hào)詞的捕捉，完全可以把握住10題中的至少6題。下面，我們從場(chǎng)景、題型、難點(diǎn)分析和信號(hào)詞的角度來(lái)全面擊破S4考察要點(diǎn)。
一、考察場(chǎng)景
Section 4是學(xué)術(shù)場(chǎng)景，為教授的獨(dú)白。常見(jiàn)話(huà)題有環(huán)境、教育、科技、農(nóng)業(yè)、動(dòng)物、商業(yè)等。近期考察的Section 4話(huà)題包括：琥珀的形成、立體建筑、澳洲水資源、符號(hào)的發(fā)展、海豚智商研究、水下探測(cè)器的介紹等等。不少同學(xué)聽(tīng)到這些聞所未聞的話(huà)題就已經(jīng)一個(gè)頭兩個(gè)大了，哪還顧得上淡定呢？其實(shí)背景知識(shí)自身并不是雅思聽(tīng)力的考察重點(diǎn)，而是重在考察考生對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)考點(diǎn)的定位能力和同義互換的能力。
二、考察題型
最后一部分考試與Section 1相呼應(yīng)，主要以填空題的形式出現(xiàn)，如常見(jiàn)的筆記型填空題，而字?jǐn)?shù)限制也是廣大考生喜聞樂(lè)見(jiàn)的ONE WORD ONLY。從去年開(kāi)始，逐漸偏向于采取組合題型，例如填空+單選，填空+配對(duì)等等。
三、難點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1. 單選題
正如前面所提到的，選擇題是眾多雅思考生心中的痛。在審題時(shí)往往無(wú)法把握重點(diǎn)，直接導(dǎo)致聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中會(huì)遭遇節(jié)奏缺失的悲劇。單選題的難點(diǎn)在于陷阱信息多，不少初步接觸雅思聽(tīng)力的同學(xué)在做單選題時(shí)錯(cuò)的慘不忍睹。他們的感受就是，明明聽(tīng)到了一樣的詞為什么反而不是答案了呢？甚至有時(shí)會(huì)聽(tīng)到三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都出現(xiàn)了。首先需要了解單選題的考察目的在于學(xué)生有沒(méi)有真正理解文章中對(duì)應(yīng)的信息，絕大部分的正確答案都是以同義互換的形式呈現(xiàn)的。其次，信號(hào)詞的存在也可以幫助考生解決定位難題，例如轉(zhuǎn)折和因果是該題型中頻繁出現(xiàn)的。
2. 配對(duì)題
高頻出現(xiàn)的配對(duì)題也讓不少考生頭疼，配對(duì)題的難點(diǎn)在于節(jié)奏快，考點(diǎn)密集，稍不留神可能就丟了線索，從而讓一些心理素質(zhì)弱的考生就這樣與高分失之交臂。其實(shí)冷靜下來(lái)不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，配對(duì)題的節(jié)奏感是很清晰的，但是一定要找到靠譜的關(guān)鍵詞去定位。
3. 填空題
雅思聽(tīng)力想拿高分，考生必須極力避免自己在考試過(guò)程中因?yàn)楦鞣N原因影響成績(jī)?？荚囍?，考生需要隨時(shí)保持警惕的除了聽(tīng)題外，還有聽(tīng)力答案的拼寫(xiě)。雅思聽(tīng)力答案拼寫(xiě)雖然只是一個(gè)很小的細(xì)節(jié)，一個(gè)不注意便會(huì)與高分失之交臂。在每一個(gè)Section結(jié)束時(shí)的檢查時(shí)間里，可以迅速掃描是否有明顯的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)于審題速度慢的同學(xué)，也可以將這20秒時(shí)間用于看下一個(gè)Section的問(wèn)題。在填寫(xiě)答題卡的10分鐘里，往往有7分鐘的剩余時(shí)間，這7分鐘為黃金救援時(shí)間。在填寫(xiě)答題卡剩余的時(shí)間里，考生需要有效的利用充足的檢查時(shí)間來(lái)優(yōu)先檢查填空題中的格式拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，也許能夠使得雅思聽(tīng)力單項(xiàng)就有一分甚至更多的提高，可見(jiàn)答案拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則的重要性。對(duì)于雅思聽(tīng)力考試答案的拼寫(xiě)具體要注意的要點(diǎn)如下：1). 字?jǐn)?shù)限制問(wèn)題；2). 語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題；3). 連字符；4). 縮寫(xiě)問(wèn)題；5). 發(fā)音相同或者相近的單詞拼寫(xiě)混淆。
四、信號(hào)詞
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)類(lèi)信號(hào)詞包括what's important, stress, warning, you have to keep in mind等。
EXAMPLE 1
劍7 TEST 1 Section 4
36. If you look at a site from a ………, you reduce visitor pressure.
錄音原文如下：Whenever you do go to a site, don't forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it.
2. 因果類(lèi)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的因果類(lèi)信號(hào)詞包括because, as, for, since, reason, due to, so, therefore。
EXAMPLE 1
劍7 TEST 2 Section 4
36. Hokey stick has to be used in ........
錄音原文如下：This is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions.
3.增補(bǔ)類(lèi)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的增補(bǔ)類(lèi)信號(hào)詞包括and ,also, as well as, in addition, what’s more, moreover等等。
EXAMPLE 1
劍8 TEST 1 Section 4
36. collect information in form of ......using computer and satellite technology.
錄音原文如下：We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of computer generation technology or with the help of satellite relays.
EXAMPLE 2
劍8 TEST 2 Section 4
32. What types of people were included in the research?
A. young people in their first job
B. men who were working
C. women who were unemployed.
錄音原文如下：And also I decided at this stage just to focus on men who were in employment.
4. 結(jié)論類(lèi)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的結(jié)論類(lèi)信號(hào)詞典型句型包括
Researchers examined.......... and find the following that.........
Studies showed that........
Mathtews found that.........
An interesting finding is that .........
The research suggests that...........
And the research concluded that...........
EXAMPLE 1
劍7 TEST 3 Section 4
34.What is the impact of the outside environment on a hotel guest?
A. It has a considerable effect.
B. It has very limited effect.
C. It has no effect whatsoever.
錄音原文如下：And the research concluded that what was outside the hotel building simply didn’t matter.
5.否定轉(zhuǎn)折類(lèi)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的否定轉(zhuǎn)折類(lèi)信號(hào)詞包括but, however, in fact, actually, on the other hand等。
EXAMPLE 1
劍7 TEST 4 Section 4
32. In 1908, scientists in Japan
A. made monosodium glutmate
B. began using kombo
C. identified glutmate
錄音原文如下：But it wasn’t until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu which was responsible for the improvement in flavour was actually discovered to be glutmate by scientists working there.
6. 解釋類(lèi)
雅思聽(tīng)力中最常見(jiàn)的解釋類(lèi)信號(hào)詞包括mean, in other words, that is to say等。
EXAMPLE 1
劍7 TEST 2 SECTION 4
38. Gives a larger relevant field of .............
錄音原文如下：This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.
39. Cross-lateral players make ...... too late.
錄音原文如下：It meansthat they can only make corrections much late.
接下來(lái)我們通過(guò)兩篇經(jīng)典真題來(lái)幫助考生們進(jìn)一步了解Section 4常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)及聽(tīng)中注意事項(xiàng)。
EXAMPLE 1
V120811S4=V07147S4
場(chǎng)景：New map helps to protect the Tumucuaque in the northeast Amazon
31-35填空題
31. Map covers the areas of 39000 hectares（注意數(shù)字的讀法）
注意：數(shù)字考點(diǎn)為雅思聽(tīng)力的基本考點(diǎn)，除了頻繁出現(xiàn)在Section 1以外，經(jīng)常會(huì)在其它Section中考察一題。往往涉及到千位以上的數(shù)字，建議考生在復(fù)習(xí)中總結(jié)數(shù)字常見(jiàn)讀法及常見(jiàn)數(shù)字陷阱。
32. This rain-forest is the world’s biggest national park（聯(lián)想biggest可能的同義詞largest)
33. Cooperation from government, scientist and help from local Indian tribes（部落，不少同學(xué)不熟悉這個(gè)詞）
34. They applied the GPRS data, local knowledge and aerial photographs.（專(zhuān)有名詞和空前詞定位，答案寫(xiě)photos可能算對(duì)）
35. Some places are unmarked, besides forest, the plants used for medicine
36-40單選題
36. This map outcome will be the first and most important step in: C. Protect the local and world forest land
37. Another（增補(bǔ)類(lèi)信號(hào)詞）result can be: A. Develop community
38. Map can be used to educate them: B. Local history
39. The problem when making the map: A. Language barriers
40. Finally the most important（強(qiáng)調(diào)類(lèi)信號(hào)詞考點(diǎn)）success is: C. We won local people’s contribution
注意：單選題部分如果靈活根據(jù)信號(hào)詞定位就能幫助考生大大減輕聽(tīng)力負(fù)擔(dān)，更快鎖定答案。
EXAMPLE2
V120204S1
話(huà)題：塑料的制作
31-40填空題
31.use cotton and acid
注意：該題考察學(xué)生的詞性預(yù)測(cè)能力，根據(jù)and兩端詞性一致的原則進(jìn)行聽(tīng)前的詞性預(yù)測(cè)，可以幫助考生在聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中做到更加精確的定位。
32.Plastic is commonly found on: product such as detergent bottles, milk jugs
(daily product bottles)
33.First is used to produce artificial silk
34.Cellulose is not like real plastic because it becomes hard when heated.
背景知識(shí)補(bǔ)充：賽璐璐，即硝化纖維塑料，是塑料的一種，由膠棉（低氮含量的硝化纖維）和增塑劑（主要是樟腦）、潤(rùn)滑劑、染料等加工制成。透明，可以染成各種顏色，容易燃燒。用來(lái)制造玩具、文具等。舊稱(chēng)假象牙。
35.First plastic made in laboratory
36.
注意：該題考察學(xué)生對(duì)于“實(shí)驗(yàn)室”單詞的拼寫(xiě)，首先需要知道該單詞有兩個(gè)發(fā)音，而錄音中往往出現(xiàn)的是全拼的發(fā)音，可是在實(shí)際考試中如果發(fā)現(xiàn)全拼有困難，不妨采取簡(jiǎn)拼形式，將laboratory 拼成lab,而不用在拼寫(xiě)上過(guò)于糾結(jié)，錯(cuò)失節(jié)奏。
36.A chemist named Alexander Parkes developed the first plastic
37.Recycled pens
38.Disadvantages: it will produce gases when burned
注意：該題考察名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題，在填空題所聽(tīng)即所得的前提下關(guān)注需要填寫(xiě)復(fù)述形式的單詞，并注意特殊單詞的復(fù)述形式。
39.It decomposed by light (sunlight)
40.Natural rubber wood no longer had a stranglehold on rubber supplies
關(guān)于塑料的背景知識(shí)：
優(yōu)點(diǎn)1．大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng)，不與酸、堿反應(yīng)。2．塑料制造成本低。3．耐用、防水、質(zhì)輕。4．容易被塑制成不同形狀。5．是良好的絕緣體。6．塑料可以用于制備燃料油和燃料氣，這樣可以降低原油消耗。
缺點(diǎn)1.回收利用廢棄塑料時(shí)，分類(lèi)十分困難，而且經(jīng)濟(jì)上不合算。2.塑料容易燃燒，燃燒時(shí)產(chǎn)生有毒氣體。3.塑料是由石油煉制的產(chǎn)品制成的，石油資源是有限的。4.塑料埋在地底下幾百年、幾千年甚至幾萬(wàn)年也不會(huì)腐爛。5.塑料的耐熱性能等較差，易于老化。
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，SECTION4并不可怕，只要進(jìn)過(guò)循序漸進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練，相信廣大考生都能借助積極的心態(tài)和科學(xué)的方法來(lái)戰(zhàn)勝它。
