朗閣海外考試研究中心 李珂
一、雅思閱讀判斷題的基本判斷原則
很多考生會過分依賴參考書上列出的五花八門的雅思閱讀是非無判斷題的各種判斷法則，有口無心地背誦十多種情況，以為這樣就能提高是非無判斷的正確率。殊不知，最精華的判斷依據(jù)非常簡明，劍橋慷慨地展示給了大家，卻被很多考生忽略，所以我們不妨花些時(shí)間讀讀題。
1. 關(guān)于是
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
YES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writer
agrees with the information和reflects the opinion of the writer就是對于什么是“是”最好的詮釋。
A. 當(dāng)題目中的信息與文章中的信息是同義或近義的表達(dá)時(shí)，答案為“是”
題目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.
文章：Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.
這是來自7-1-2的Question 22，題目和文章中的表達(dá)均為同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故答案為“是”。
B. 當(dāng)文章中的信息可客觀推斷出題目中的信息時(shí)，答案為“是”
題目：More than 320,000 tons of salmon were caught in Alaska in 2000.
文章：During 2000, commercial catches of Pacific salmon in Alaska exceeded 320,000 tonnes, with an ex-vessel value of over $US260 million.
這是來自7-4-2的Question 18，仔細(xì)體會這道題，會發(fā)現(xiàn)，文章中的commercial和Pacific在題目中均未提及，但文章中給出的信息卻足以推斷出題目中的信息，故答案為“是”。
2. 關(guān)于非
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writer
contradicts the information和contradicts the opinion of the writer就是對于什么是“非”最好的詮釋。
A. 當(dāng)題目中的信息與文章中的信息相反時(shí)，答案為“非”
題目：Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for water.
文章：Although population, industrial output and economic productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the world, demand has actually fallen.
這是來自7-1-2的Question24，題目與文章信息相反，故答案為“非”。
B. 當(dāng)題目中的信息與文章中的信息相對立時(shí)，答案為“非”
題目：The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.
文章：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.
這是來自8-1-2的Question 20，題目與文章信息并不相反，但信息相互對立，故答案為“非”。
3. 關(guān)于無
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
no information on this和impossible to say what the writer thinks about this就是對于什么是“無”最好的詮釋。
A. 證據(jù)不足，無法判斷
題目：Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.
文章：Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air.
這是來自8-1-3的Question 31，文章中給到的信息并不足以對題目的信息進(jìn)行判斷，故答案為“無”。
二、雅思閱讀判斷題考點(diǎn)總結(jié)
當(dāng)考生對于是、非、無判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漸漸熟悉之后，在做題的過程中，如果可以更及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地發(fā)現(xiàn)常見的考點(diǎn)，并不斷總結(jié)、不斷思考和領(lǐng)悟，那么短期內(nèi)突破是非無判斷這種題型并不是難事。朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師們結(jié)合多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，密切結(jié)合劍橋真題，將常見的考點(diǎn)及對應(yīng)該考點(diǎn)的答案進(jìn)行分類及相應(yīng)例題整理，希望能夠幫助考生們在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)領(lǐng)悟到劍橋官方出題的思路。
1. 比較關(guān)系
A. 題目中比較的雙方和文章中的雙方相同，且比較的結(jié)果相同，答案為“是”。
8-2-1
Question 13 Computers are better than humans at detecting faults in glass.
文章：Inspection technology allows more than 100 million measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be unable to see.
B. 題目中比較的雙方和文章中的雙方相同，但比較的結(jié)果相對立，答案為“非”。
7-1-2
Question 21 Water use per person is higher in the industrial world than it was in Ancient Rome.
文章：At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with as much water per person as is provided in many parts of the industrial world today.
C. 題目中比較的雙方和文章中的雙方相同，但比較關(guān)系并未在文章中體現(xiàn)，答案為“無”。
7-3-1
Question 3 Ants can build large cities more quickly than humans do.
文章：When we survey Mexico City, Tokyo, Los Angeles, we are amazed at what has been accomplished by humans. Yet Hoelldobler and Wilson’s magnificent work for ant lovers, The Ants, describes a super colony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari Coast of Hokkaido. This ‘megalopolis’ was reported to be composed of 360 million workers and a million queens living in 4,500 interconnected nests across a territory of 2.7 square kilometers.
2. 數(shù)字（基數(shù)詞/序數(shù)詞）
A. 題目中的數(shù)字與文章中提供的信息相同，答案為“是”。
7-2-3
Question 34 The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.
文章：Interesting facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality; and 70% was related to the collection of water and firewood and travelling to grinding mills.
B. 題目中的數(shù)字與文章中提供的信息相對立，答案為“非”。
9-2-2
Question 22 Halley observed one transit of the planet Venus.
文章：Nevertheless, he accurately predicted that Venus would cross the face of the Sun in both 1761 and 1769 – though he didn’t survive to see either.
C. 題目中的數(shù)字無法由文章中提供的信息推斷出，答案為“無”。
9-1-3
Question31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.
文章：Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air.
3. 絕對詞
A. 題目中的絕對詞可通過文章中提供的信息合理推斷，答案為“是”。
7-2-1
Question1 Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.
文章：Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years.
B. 題目中的絕對詞與文章中提供的信息相對立，答案為“非”。
8-1-2
Question 25 All aircraft in Class E airspace must use IFR.
文章：The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is, skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation.
C. 題目中的絕對詞無法通過文章中的信息得出，答案為“無”。
9-1-1
Question 5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
文章：At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply.
4. 因果關(guān)系
A. 題目中的因果關(guān)系和文章中的因果關(guān)系一致，答案為“是”。
7-1-2
Question 25 Modern technologies have led to a reduction in domestic water consumption.
文章：But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.
B. 題目中的因果關(guān)系和文章中的因果關(guān)系對立，答案為“非”。
8-1-2
Question 20 The FAA was created as a result of the introduction of the jet engine.
文章：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested.
C. 題目中的因果關(guān)系無法通過文章中的信息推斷出，答案為“無”。
5. 除以上考點(diǎn)以外的表語或賓語部分
A. 題目中的表語（或賓語）與文章中的信息表達(dá)方向一致，答案為“是”。
7-2-3
Question 32 Prior to the start of MIRTP the Makete district was almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
文章：When the project began, Makete District was virtually totally isolated during the rainy season.
B. 題目中的表語（或賓語）與文章中的信息表達(dá)方向相反或?qū)α?/span>，答案為“非”。
7-3-1
Question 5 In one experiment, foraging teams were able to use their sense of smell to find food.
文章：Elaborate precautions were taken to prevent the foraging team using odour clues.
C. 題目中的表語（或賓語）無法通過文章中的信息推斷出，答案為“無”。
8-1-2
Question 22 Beacons and flashing lights are still used by ATC today.
文章：As early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways.
朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師們在此提醒各位考生：1. 盡信書不如無書。直接的拿來主義不可取，別人總結(jié)出來的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧如果不花時(shí)間去揣摩、去領(lǐng)悟，非但不能幫大家做對題，甚至有可能會達(dá)到反效果，所以請各位考生不要死記硬背；2. 熟能生巧。適量的練習(xí)可以提高做題的反應(yīng)速度、敏感度、正確率，但前提是思路明確且清晰，切不可為了做題而做題，機(jī)械的練習(xí)無法提高正確率，反而有可能造成思維定式；3. 融會貫通。優(yōu)秀的人在第三次做同一件事的時(shí)候開始找規(guī)律，不同的文章雖然話題多樣，但出題思路極其相似，有意識地找到題目之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，定能事半功倍。
